Research Sampling
Research Sampling is a technique of selecting a sample from a population to obtain information about the characteristics of the population as a whole. Good sampling should pay attention to the appropriate sampling principles so that research results can be reliable and generalization from the sample to the population can be done well.
Types of Research Sampling
There are two types of research sampling: probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Here are the explanations and examples of each type of sampling.
1. Probability Sampling
Probability Sampling is a technique of selecting a sample where every unit in the population has an equal chance of being chosen. Types of probability sampling include:
a. Simple random sampling
Simple random sampling is a technique of random sampling where each unit in the population has an equal chance of being chosen. Example: If you want to take a sample of 100 students from a school that has 1000 students, each student has a 1/10 or 10% chance of being chosen.
b. Stratified random sampling
Stratified random sampling is a technique of random sampling where the population is divided into several homogenous groups (strata). Then, a sample is taken randomly from each stratum. Example: If you want to take a sample of 100 students from a school that has 1000 students, and want to ensure that each class is represented in the sample, then each class is made into a stratum and a random sample is taken from each stratum.
c. Systematic random sampling
Systematic random sampling is a technique of random sampling where units are randomly selected using the same interval. Example: If you want to take a sample of 100 students from a school that has 1000 students, each student can be selected every 10th (interval), so that each student has an equal chance of being chosen.
2. Non-Probability Sampling
Non-probability sampling is a technique of selecting a sample where not every unit in the population has an equal chance of being chosen. Types of non-probability sampling include:
a. Convenience sampling
Convenience sampling is a technique of sampling based on availability and ease in taking a sample. Example: If you want to take a sample of students, but only choose students who are easily accessible, such as those near the campus.
b. Snowball sampling
Snowball sampling is a technique of sampling where units are selected based on references from the previous unit. Example: If you want to take a sample of people who have a hobby of photography, you can start by taking a sample of several people who have a hobby of photography and then ask them to provide references for others who also have a hobby of photography.
c. Quota sampling
Quota sampling is a technique of sampling where the sample is taken based on predetermined characteristics (quota). Example: If you want to take a sample of 100 students from a school that has 1000 students, then you can determine a quota for each class, such as 10 students for each class.
Conclusion
In conducting research, the selection of appropriate sampling techniques is very important to ensure that research results can be reliable and generalization from the sample to the population can be done well. There are two types of sampling, namely probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling has the principle that every unit in the population has an equal chance of being chosen, while non-probability sampling does not have that principle. Examples of probability sampling techniques include simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, and systematic random sampling. Examples of non-probability sampling techniques include convenience sampling, snowball sampling, and quota sampling. In choosing a sampling technique, researchers must pay attention to the characteristics of the population being studied as well as the objectives and hypotheses of the research to be achieved.
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